Churn



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

C. B. CAMPBELL.

GHURN.

. r r w Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

WITNESSES.

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N. Pzrzns, PhMo-Lithngriphnr, Washingwn, o. c.

2 Sheets-Sheeti GHURN.

Patented Apr. 10, 18-88.

ldtiforney f (No Model.) ELL,

fNo. 380,988.

WITNESSES 06 W UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFlCE.

OYDNOR 13. CAMPBELL, OF GLOUSTER, OHIO.

CHURN.

QPECIPICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,988, dated April 10, 1888. Application filed December 27, 1887. Serial No. 259,065. tNo model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYDNOR B. CAMPBELL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Glouster, in the county of Athens and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ohurns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invcntiomwhich will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap-. pertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view of my new and improved churn. Fig. 2 is a perspective detail view, on an enlarged scale, of the dasher and the cog-wheel or pinion having the clutch-collar which engages with the upper end of the dasher. Fig. 3 is a central vertical sectional view of the perforated cylinder which is contained within the churnbody and of the valves at the ends of the same. Fig. at is a perspective detail view of the same, and Fig. 5 is a side view of the churn on a reduced scale.

Thesamenumeralsof reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Myinvention consists in anew andimproved churn, which will be hereinafter fully de* scribed and claimed.

Referring to the several parts by their designatingmumerals, 1 indicates the body of the churmwhich is square or rectangular in shape, this body being supported on the bottom legs, 2, and its top covered bya hinged lid or cover, 3, which is beveled or cut away around its lower outer edge, so as to fit down within the upper end of the churn-body, as shown.

In the center of the bottom of the churnbody is secured a stout upwardly-projecting screw, 4, which serves to hold the cylinder 5 firmly in position. This cylinder, which in a working machine is about six inches in diameter and three inches deep, is formed of white metal, with openings 6 6 in both its lowerand upper ends, as shown. The center of the central cross-bar, 7, which extends across the center of the cylinder-bottom, is formed with a vertical threaded opening, 8, and the bottom 50 of the cylinder is provided with the short supporting-legs 9 9. The cylinder is secured in position by screwing it down upon the stationary screw '4. until the lower ends of the legs 9 rest upon the bottom of the churn, and the screw 4 will then hold the cylinder firmly in position, while it can be readily removed, when required, by unscrewing it to the left to loosen it from the screw 4:.

The rim or circular sides 10 of the cylinder are formed with the series of perforations 11, and the top 12 of the cylinder, which is re movable, is provided with the opposite side pins, 13 13, which fit down into small L- shaped slots 14 14:, cut in the upper edgeof the rim of the cylinder, as shown, so that the top can be placed in position by placing it down on the top of the cylinder-rim, so that the pins enter the vertical part of the L-shaped slots, and then twisting the top so that the pins will enter thehorizontal part of the slots,when the top will be held firmly but removably in position.

15 15 indicate the valves which control the end openings of the cylinder, working on the inner side of the said ends. Each of the said valves consists of a fiat disk of white metal having two stops or pins, 16 16, projecting from its outer side, these pins passing through holes 17 17 in the crossbars 7, of larger size than the pins themselves, and on the outer ends of these pins are screwed taps or nuts 18, which prevent them from being drawn through the cross-bar on the instroke, and which render the valves removable.

19 indicates the circular piston, which plays within the cylinder 5, and which is preferably made of wood, and 20 indicates the pistonrod, to the lower end of which the piston is secured, and which passes up through the center of the central cross-bar, 7, of the top of the cylinder and through the top of the churnbody, where it is connected to the drivemechanism, as hereinafter described.

21 21 indicate the dasher-blades, which are formed each with the series of perforations 22, and are connected together at right angles to one another by the middle and top cross-bars, 23 and 24. The dasher-blades are thus held at such distances apart that their lower ends can extend down around the. cylinder 5 and revolve freely around. the same. The cross bars 23 and 24 are formed with the central openings, 26, and the dasher is placed in position in the churn by slipping it down over the piston or plunger-rod 20, which passes through the central holes, 25 26, of the cross bars of the dasher. The lower side of the cen ter of the middle cross-bars, 23, has a metal plate, 27, formed with a central aperture, 28, secured thereto, and when the dasher is slid downupon thepiston-rod thisre-enforcedlower central part of the middle cross-bars rests and turns upon a bearing formed by a metal arch, 29, which is secured upon the top of the cylinder, and which thus forms a bearing and support for the dasher, upon which the dasher rests and revolves. v

Upon one of the top cross-bars, 24, of the dasher is secured an arch or bearing, 30, of metal, the center of which is formed with an aperture, 31, through which the upper end of the plunger-rod passes freely, and upon the top of this arch or metal bearing is formed a clutch, 32, encircling'the said rod. The ends of the crossbars of the dasher are mortised in the inner edges of the perforated dasher blades, as shown. The metal arch 29 isformed with a central opening, through which the plunger-rod 20 passes. I

Upon the top of the churn, on each side of its center, are secured uprights 33 33, which are braced by the outer braces, 34 34, as shown. In the upper ends of these parallel uprights isjournaled a crank-shaft, 35, formed with a central crank, and upon one side of this shaft is secured, by means of a set-screw, 37, passing through its central collar or hub, a small cog-wheel, 36, while upon the other side of the crank-shaft is secured a balancewheel, 38, which serves to balance the mechanism and causes the churn to run easily, enabling it to be operated with but slight effort.

Upon the central pin of thiscrank-shaft is journaled the upper end of a pitman, 39, in thebifurcated lower end of which the flattened upper end of the plunger-rod 20 is pivoted by a spring pin or key, 40.

The cog-wheel 36 meshes with the teeth on the periphery of a compound gear-wheel, 41, which is secured rigidly upon the inner end of a drive-shaft, 42, which works in hearings in one of the uprights 33 and the brace 34 on that side. The outer end of this drive-shaftis provided with asuitable operating-handle, 43, and the gear-wheel 41 is formed with teeth on its periphery and with slightly-inclined teeth 44 on its side, as shown, forming a compound gear-wheel. The teeth on the periphery of this wheel 41 mesh with the pinion 36 and drive the same, while the inclined teeth of the compound gear-wheel mesh with the inclined teeth of a pinion, 45, which rests upon the upper side of the central part of the churn-cover, and which is formed with atubular clutch-collar, 46, extending down from its lower side through a central circular opening in the churn-cover, so that when the cover of the churn is down, closed, the lower recessed end of this clutch sleeve or collar 46 will engage with the recessed clutch 32 on the top of the arch 30, which is in turn secured upon one of the top cross-bars of the dasher, as before stated. At the bottom of the churn is a suitable cock, 47, to draw off the buttermilk.

In operation, to fill the churn for churn ng, the spring-key 40 is withdrawn, and the top or cover of the churn is then turned back, clear out of the way, on its hinges, so that the large balance wheel 38 will come in contact with a stop, 48, which projects from the back of the churn-body, or with the back of the,

churn itself. The churn can be then readily filled with the desired quantity of cream,when the cover is turned back and the upper end of the piston-rod is again connected to the lower end of the pitman 39 by inserting the springkey 40 through the said ends. The churn 1s then operated by revolving the drive-shaft 42 by means of the handle on its outer end, when it will be seen that the compound gear-wheel 41 on its inner end, meshing with the c0g-' wheel 36 on the crank-shaft 35, will in turn revolve the crank-shaft at an increased rate of speed, and as the crank-shaft is thus rapidly revolved it will, through the connecting-pitman 39, rapidly reciprocate the piston-rod, and through it the piston or plunger 19, up and down in the stationary cylinder 5. The piston 19 fits closely to the cylinder, and as the said piston goes down the upper valve of the cylinder will fall, and the upper part of the cylinder, above the piston, will fill with cream through the openings in the top of the cylinder,

while the lower valve will be forced closed by the same downward stroke. Now on the upstroke of the piston the top valve will close as soon as the upstroke commences, and the cream in the cylinder abovethe piston will be forced out through the series of small apertures in the rim of the cylinder, while as soon as this upstroke commences the bottom valve of the cylinder will open and the cylinder will be filled with cream from the bottom as the piston rises. On the next downstroke the cream in the cylinder below the piston will be forced out through the perforated rim of the cylinder, the bottom valve closing on the beginning of the downstroke, while the top valve opens at the same time, and so was long as the piston is reciprocated by the crank-shaft.

. The compound gear-wheel on the inner end of the drive-shaft also meshes with the bevelpinion 45 and revolves the said pinion, and as the clutchcollar 46, which extends down from this pinion, meshesat its lower end with the clutch 32 on the top of the arch 30, it will be seen that the dasher-blades 21 21 will be rapidly rotated in the churn, with their lower ends passing close around the outside of the perforated cylinder 5.

It will thus be seen that while the cream is being forced out through the small perforations of the cylinder continuously the revolving perforated dasher-blades will beat or hammer the cream as it is leaving the cylinder, besides hammering and agitating the main body of cream in the churn-body proper, and the cream will be thus thoroughly broken and agitated and the butter produced in a short time. The shafts and rods inside of the churnbody are made of white metal,as they comein direct contact with the cream. By stopping the plunger or piston when it is at the bottom of the cylinder,the lid of the churn can be raised the height of the cylinder without withdrawing the spring-key 40 or changing the churn in any way, which will permit of the outer edge of the churn-cover being raised high enough to look at the cream, or to place water in the churn for the purpose of cleaning it after churning. The churn is a self cleaner or washer, as after churning the lid can be thus raised and sufficient water placed in the churn to cover the perforated cylinder, when, by Working the operating-handle, the water will be forced through the cylinder, so as to wash the churn in a few moments. Besides, there is but little to wash about the churn.

The drive-shaft can be molded in a cog wheel at the top of the churn to come out on the shaft of balance-wheel, and a thumb-screw can be employed to hold it in gear, this shaft being keyed in a small bevel-wheel, so that it can be removed at any time. The piston can be thrown out of gear by loosening the setscrew 37 and moving the pinion86 to one side 'Having thus described my invention, whatl claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a churn, the combination, with the churn having the upwardly-projecting screw in its. bottom, of the cylinder supported on short legs and having the central threaded bottom opening, the perforated rim or sides, and the bottom and top openings, the valves, the piston and piston-rod, the revolving crankshaft,and the connecting-pitman, substantially as set forth.

2. In a churn, the" combination, with the churn-body having the upwardly-projecting screw in its bottom,of the cylinder supported on short legs and having the central threaded bottom opening, the perforated rim or sides, the removable top, and the bottom and top openings, the valves, and the reciprocating piston, substantially as set forth.

3. In a churn, the combination, with the churn-body having the hinged cover, of the cylinder supported on short legs, having the perforated rim or sides and the bottom and top openings, the valves, the piston and piston-rod, the perforated dasher-blades connected by the cross-bars and having the clutchcollar at their upper ends, the pinion having the downwardly-extending clutch-collar, the

compound gear-wheel, the crank-shaft having the pinion and the balancewheel upon it, and the'connecting-pitman, substantially as set forth.

4. In 'a churn, the combination, with the churn-body having the hinged cover and the retaining-screw in its bottom, of the cylinder supported on short legs and having the central threaded bottom opening, the perforated rim or sides, the top bearing, the removable top, and the bottom and top openings, the valves, the piston and piston-rod, the perforated dasher-blades connected by the crossbars and having the clutch-collar at their upper ends, the pinion having the downwardlyextending clutch-collar, the compound gearwheel, the crank-shaft having the movable pinion and the balance-wheel upon it, and the connccting-pitman secured at its lower end to the piston-rod by the'removable key, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In testimony thatI claim the foregoing as my own I have hereunto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

OYDNOR B. CAMPBELL. 

